Untitled Essay Research Paper Policies and Procedure free essay sample

Theories of Cognitive Development by Piaget and Vygotsky Essay Example for Free

Hypotheses of Cognitive Development by Piaget and Vygotsky Essay Jean Piaget’s and Lev Semionovich Vygotsky’s hypotheses on subjective improvement both assume a noteworthy job in tending to the scholarly development of kids (Lain, 2006). Clinicians and teachers the same, depend on these hypotheses in building the measures by which kids are being raised and instructed today. Basically, subjective improvement is the procedure by which our scholarly capacity develops and advances. Slavin (2003), keeps up that intellectual turn of events, â€Å"is the progressive and organized changes that happen making ones mental procedure increasingly intricate and sophisticated† (as refered to in Lain, 2006, Cognitive Development area, para. 1). As the children’s learning process is urgent to the improvement of their learning capacity and basic point of view, teachers must have a decent handle of these speculations to completely address the children’s singular adapting needs. Jean Piaget’s hypothesis is set apart by a few formative stages that characterize the child’s relating psychological level. Then again, Lev Vygotsky built up the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) in light of the suspicion that youngsters learn all the more rapidly under the direction of an increasingly experienced grown-up (Maccarelli, 2006). Considered as constructivists, both famous scholars accepted that youngsters learn by defining new thoughts by joining old ones. The Hawaii Department of Education E-School likewise guarantees that, â€Å"constructivists accept that learning is influenced by the setting where a thought is instructed just as by understudies convictions and attitudes† (as refered to in Davison, 2006, Piaget versus Vygotsky: The Cognitive Development Theory segment, para. 1). As society decides the measure of information a kid gains, it additionally sets the breaking point to the students’ subjective turn of events. Be that as it may, the central thoughts between the two scholars fluctuate enormously. Piaget unequivocally accepted that learning happens after turn of events. He showed that a youngster will begin the learning procedure after the kid has arrived at a specific formative stage. Conversely, Vygotsky asserted that the kid creates because of learning. Besides, Vygotsky put a lot of accentuation on the significance of outside impact to the child’s generally speaking subjective turn of events, where as Piaget scarcely recognized the criticalness of outside effect on the child’s advancement in his hypotheses. Additionally, while Piaget’s hypothesis has four unmistakable and set gauges of advancement, Vygotsky’s hypothesis doesn't bolster foreordained stages by any means. Rather, he focused on the significance of private discourse and ZPD on the child’s improvement. Living in a general public that is a joining of numerous societies, arranged by age, race, sexual orientation, ethnicity, religion, and monetary status, every one of us is a result of our social cooperations to these different societies. On the off chance that we look at Vygotsky’s hypothesis, an enormous piece of a child’s advancement is put on the contribution of others, it is consequently sensible to accept that a multicultural society puts a lot of contribution on the child’s improvement. Notwithstanding, since a child’s improvement is constrained to their environmental factors, and his considerations and thoughts chiefly impacted by that of his initial guardians, now and again the youngster isn't presented to various societies other than his own. This offers ascend to multicultural issues that we see these days. Also, as the investigation of multicultural brain science is enormously worried about investigating, understanding, and valuing the distinctions in culture, in light of Piaget’s and Vygotsky’s hypothesis, these multicultural issues could be maintained a strategic distance from if kids are presented or acquainted with differing societies right off the bat throughout everyday life. References Davison, B. (2006). Piaget versus Vygotsky: The Cognitive Development Theory. Related Content. Recovered on January 01, 2009, from http://www. associatedcontent. com/article/94974/piaget_vs_vygotsky_the_cognitive_development. html? cat=4 Lain, (2006). Intellectual Development: A Comparison Between the Work of Piaget, Bruner, and Vygotsky. Related Content. Recovered on January 01, 2009, from http://www. associatedcontent. com/article/41531/cognitive_development. html? cat=4 Maccarelli, S. (2006). Vygotsky’s Theory of Cognitive Development: The Socio-Cultural Perspective. Related Content. Recovered on January 01, 2009, from http://www. associatedcontent. com/article/29997/vygotskys_theory_of_cognitive_development. html? cat=4 Uncgrad, (2006). Piagets Stages of Cognitive Development. Related Content. Recovered on January 01, 2009, from http://www. associatedcontent. com/article/452881/piagets_stages_of_cognitive_development. html? cat=4

How Businesses Can Profit from Foreign Direct Investment

How Businesses Can Profit from Foreign Direct Investment A business will always look for new ways to profit â€" its success is dependent on how well it can attract growth and keep the profits flowing. One of the modern ways of increasing profits is conducted through foreign direct investment (FDI). What is it about and how can it provide profits to businesses?Here’s a look at the modern phenomena and the advantages businesses can enjoy when they engage with this business activity. FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT â€" THE KEY THINGS TO KNOWBefore we start examining how a business can benefit from foreign direct investment, let’s take a crash course on what FDI is about.FDI DefinitionInvestopedia’s definition of FDI states the following:“An investment made by a company or individual in one country in business interests in another country”You essentially have one a company in one country investing in another company in another country. While a government of a country or an individual can technically also make the investments, the interest here is solely on how companies use FDI.The investment is a type of inward investment. The inward investments deal with external or foreign entities, with the transactions involving either investments or purchasing of goods from the external economy or business. FDI is an example of inward investment since the company is investing in a country that’s different from the company’s home country.FDI should be distinguished from portfolio investments in which the company or the investor purchases equities of foreign-based companies. It is not about gaining equity, but more about gaining control â€" the investment is aimed at either establishing operations in the country or acquiring existing assets, which provide ownership or control to the business.Since FDI deals with companies in two different countries, with differing rules and regulations, there are universal regulations that define and manage global FDI flows. The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) has set guidelines, which determine the ways in which FDI can take place and what counts as FDI and not a traditional portfolio investment, for example. One of the key features of the OECD guidelines is the minimum ownership control the business must have in the foreign company in order for it to count as FDI.The current guidelines state the ownership must be a minimum 10% of the ordinary shares or voting shares of the company. No netheless, the definitions together with the guidelines are flexible and companies can find themselves under de facto control â€" for example, by controlling the technology â€" even without the 10% controlling stake.The key featureThe key feature of FDI is essentially that of control. This separates it from a traditional portfolio investment. When a business makes a foreign direct investment, it establishes either effective control or substantial influence over the decision-making process of the business or the operation.This requirement for control is also what provides the structure for determining what counts as FDI and what doesn’t. As I noted above, according to the OECD definition, the business must have a 10% minimum ownership stake before its investment counts as FDI.The methods of FDISo, how does a company go about making a FDI? There are a number of different options for gaining control and investing in a company or business operation abroad. The most common methods of F DI include:Opening a subsidiary or an associate company in a foreign countryAcquiring a controlling interest in a company that already exists in the foreign countryMerging with another foreign companyStarting a joint venture with a foreign companyFurthermore, FDI can occur in three strategically different manners. The nature of the foreign direct investment can be:Horizontal â€" Horizontal investments occur when the company’s investment abroad is related directly to the same activities it conducts at home.Verticalâ€"In a vertical FDI strategy, the company uses the foreign investment as a way to add new stages of activities abroad. These can be divided into:Forward vertical FDI under which the company takes steps to become closer to the market â€" such as acquiring a distributor in the foreign country.Backward vertical FDI which means using international integration towards the acquiring of raw materials â€" such as buying a raw material plantation in a foreign company.Conglomerate â€" When the business invests in a controlling stake in an unrelated business abroad, the FDI is set to be a conglomerate type. The conglomerate FDI is uncommon, as it sees the company trying to break two barriers at once: entering both in a new country and a new industry.FDI IN ACTION â€" EXAMPLE SCENARIOSWhat does the above look in action? Let’s consider an example by examining the different scenarios outlined above through the eyes of Company A.Company A is a clothing company that operates in Italy. The company could embark on FDI by doing the following things:It can open a subsidiary company in China to enter the market. Since it is entering a foreign country in a field directly related to what it does in Italy, it’s making a horizontal FDI.However, it could also buy a controlling stake in a Chinese clothing line. If it’s purchasing another clothing company in China, its investment would still be horizontal. It doesn’t have to acquire the whole company, as long as it ha s a controlling stake and it’s part of the decision-making process. Interestingly, even if Company A doesn’t have 10% stake, the investment would be considered FDI if it provides the management or the clothing line designs for the business.On the other hand, Company A could decide to merge or simply acquire the Chinese clothing company in full. Again, you’re dealing with a horizontal FDI.If Company A wants to use a vertical FDI strategy, it could purchase a clothing retailer in China and therefore, engage in forward vertical FDI. It wouldn’t buy another clothing company, but the retailer would provide it access to the Chinese clothing market. If the company would prefer to make a backward vertical FDI, it could purchase a silk manufacturer that would provide the raw materials for its clothes.Finally, Company A could consider expanding its business operations and invest in a completely unrelated industry. It could, for instance, acquire a Chinese jewellery company and enter t he both the Chinese market and the jewellery industry at once. This would be an example of the rare conglomerate FDI.HOW TO PROFIT FROM FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTThe United Nations Conference on Trade and Development has found foreign direct investments flows have exceeded over $1 trillion. This is an impressive figure considering the global FDI stood at $14 billion in the 1970s. So, what’s the attraction? How can a company profit from foreign direct investment?Four key ways for businesses to profit from FDIA business can benefit from FDI in four distinctive ways. These are:Gaining access to new marketsThe most obvious way a business can profit from FDI is by gaining access to new markets and thus, growing the business. The benefit is rather obvious â€" as the company invests in the business or starts a new operation in a foreign country, it enters that market and expands its market reach.Increasing market access can help the business grow and expand its profit base. The gains migh t not just occur in a direct increase of market share in the specific industry, but also appear through access to distinct target customer groups.Obtaining access to resourcesA company may also benefit and boost its profits by increasing its access to resources. By investing in a foreign company, you can gain access to new technologies, resources, management skills and cooperation opportunities. All of these can help the business either save money or make more profit.While the access to resources, such as management skills, can be a rather indirect way to increase profits, other resources can provide a more direct boost, such as having the raw materials for your product at your disposal.Reducing the cost of productionRelated to the above point is the boost in profits through the reductions of production costs. If you gain access to raw materials, you can naturally manufacture your product cheaper than if you first had to buy the materials.Furthermore, vertical FDI deals with things like acquiring a production plant, which can boost profit by driving down the production costs â€" if you can make the products in your own factory, you won’t need to spend money on buying the finished product from a third-party supplier.A common example of the ability to drive down the cost of production is making FDIs in countries with lower labor costs. Countries with lower labor costs can attract companies to transfer their factories elsewhere â€" a contentious topic in the modern world.Simplifying its tax code and gaining tax benefitsCompanies can also benefit from FDI in terms of taxation and how their profits are taxed at home and abroad. How does FDI boost profit through taxation? There are a few different scenarios. The company could:Enjoy more profits from its income in the new country due to the foreign country offering a more beneficial tax code â€" either there’s less taxation in general or the rates are lower/more advantageous.Enjoy tax deduction in its home countr y from any profit it makes in a foreign country.Enjoy tax deduction simply for making a FDI â€" countries can provide companies with tax benefits if they either invest in the foreign country or home countries of companies can allow tax deductions when FDI is made.The tax benefits can be directly related to income and profits but can also be indirectly linked with these aspects of the business. For example, RD in the new country might be taxed differently and the advantage of discovering new technologies can indirectly lead to bigger profits abroad and in the parent company’s country.The above are the four main ways a company could profit from a foreign direct investment. Naturally, enjoying these benefits is not as straightforward as it may sound. Just as it’s difficult to start a business from scratch anywhere in the world, it can be difficult to replicate the success in another country or to gain a profitable market share in a country with established competition in the sector .EXAMPLES OF THE PROFITABLE BOOSTSSo, what does the above look in real life? Let’s consider Company A and the different ways it could manage to boost its profits.Company A, operating in Italy, would have a market share of 10% in the clothing sector. When it invests in the Chinese clothing company, it gains access to a new clothing market in China and gains an immediate market share of 3% in the country through the new company. In the future, it can boost its market share in both Italy and China.Company A might have also acquired a clothing factory in China. Since it doesn’t have to buy the clothes it sells in Italy from a third-party seller, it can cut production costs and increase profits. A quirky example from real life is how Apple has been able to control the cost of making an iPhone by producing them in China. The Chinese workforce only amounts to 3.6% of the costs of the iPhone, according to the Economist.The above is not just necessarily a boost in profit in terms of lowe r cost of production, but could also provide benefits in terms of access to resources, such as better sewing technology. The Chinese clothing manufacturer could have technologies in place that create durable clothing with less money and this can help increase the public interest on the clothing line â€" people will buy the t-shirts more because they stay in good condition for longer.Finally, Company A can experience a boost in profit through taxation. It can deduct part of the investment costs and gain a better tax advantage or it might direct some of its foreign profits into a country with a lower corporate tax rate.While the current tax planning strategies of major corporations are not always favorable to national economies, there’s no denying the benefits companies can enjoy by investing in foreign companies and markets. According to Fortune, America’s largest companies have around $2.5 trillion stashed in foreign ‘tax havens’; although not all of this is due to FDI.WHAT TO REMEMBER WITH FDI â€" THE RRD RULEFDI is a clear example of a strategy that can provide companies better opportunities to grow and it can help increase profits through a number of ways. However, if a business is considering a FDI investment, it has to conduct proper due diligence â€" similar to any investment type.There are plenty of things the business must take care of in terms of guaranteeing FDI success but in order to get started familiarize yourself with the so-called RRD rule. RRD stands for risks, regulations and diversification. These are three areas of focus for any company set to embark on FDI:Risks â€" Like any investment, FDI can involve plenty of risks. The crucial fact about FDI is how the company will deal with a foreign country, which adds many unique risks into the equation. The political landscape is different and when you are investing in a developing economy, the political transformation can be heightened. Things such as political conflict or sudden nationali zation are not uncommon, especially in new economies in Africa.Regulations â€" Since the company is dealing with a new country, it also has to deal with different legislation. In terms of FDI, countries can have strict rules and regulations in place and it’s important to clear these first before you even consider making a move on the country and its companies. The most obvious example of the regulatory impact is the complexity in China for joint ventures. Foreign companies can find it hard to team up with a local company and even entry to the Chinese market can be difficult, although the surrounding regulations have relaxed in recent times.Diversification â€" When embarking on FDI strategy, diversification is as beneficial as it is for any other investment types. It can be helpful to consider different strategies â€" horizontal, vertical or conglomerate â€" to ensure your company doesn’t put its eggs in a single basket. Furthermore, while entering a very different market can be problematic, vertical FDI could help provide even deeper market entry than purely following the horizontal strategy.The RRD rule can help a company focus on the right things in its evaluation of the validity of foreign direct investments. To understand the decisions behind FDI and how corporations are venturing on these investments, check out the interview with Derek Collins, director in the Bank of Ireland â€" a country that has been able to attract FDI in growing numbers in the past few decades. THE BOTTOM LINEForeign direct investments have ballooned in recent years. While there are plenty of pros and cons for this type of activity in terms of the local economies, there are valid reasons for businesses to look into it. The four major areas of profit come in the form of enhanced market access, gains in resources, reductions in production costs and favorable tax strategies.The practice can be profitable if businesses are aware of the risks and regulations surrounding the practice, and they can strategically plan how, where and when they make the investments. If they get it right, the boosts in profits will surely follow.

Sigmund Freud, Neurologist And Founder Of Psychoanalysis,

Sigmund Freud, neurologist and founder of psychoanalysis, paved the way of dream interpretation with little competition or suspicion to his discoveries. That was until the rise of his former advocate, Carl Jung, began to challenge the founders beliefs. While working together, Jung and Freud explored the human mind and jointly agreed on the separation of the conscious and unconscious. Within the unconscious and dreams there was a mutual understanding of the need to identify and interpret symbols. They wanted to give ground to dreams and find the reasons behind them. Though this six year long collaboration was intense and profound, 1913 was the last year the two psychoanalyst interacted because of the radical disagreements in human analysis†¦show more content†¦Freud believed in one unconscious that was unique to each person based on their past experiences of mostly infantile sexuality. Each individual is exclusively subjected to only information from their own unconscious to uncover the repressed desires. This rendered analyzing an individual’s dream extremely difficult. One person would first have to identify personal symbols within the context of their dream that would explain the inappropriate sexual desires they have repressed in their unconscious. As discoveries advanced, Carl Jung decided to investigate past the singular unconscious that Freud established and thus identified a collective and personal unconscious. Jung regarded the unconscious as highly important and therefore in need of a more complex definition. With the use of a two part unconscious, one is able to infer on a wider range of analysis. And with the collective unconscious analysis is also more easily understood. â€Å"The personal unconscious is a superficial layer but the collective unconscious is where most evidence can be derived from by archetypes. While the personal unconscious reveles emotional complexes the collective reveals universal â€Å"primitive modes of emotion and behavior† (Weitz 292). This means that the collective unconscious was of higher importance to Jung because he believed the universal symbols within revealed more analysis than a personal unconscious ever could. Jung notes thatShow MoreRelatedThe Personality Theories Of Sigmund Freud And Alfred Adler999 Words   |  4 Pagestheories of Sigmund Freud and Alfred Adler. Within this paper, the background of the theorist will be discussed along with personality theories. This paper will also provide description some of the major principles of personality theories to include lifespan personality changes, gender and culture. The last section will be a personal opinion, why and conclusion of the theories how it can be conceptualized regarding my own family situation. History Over the years every time you hear the Sigmund FreudRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology1222 Words   |  5 Pagesearly twentieth century of Europe, an Austrian neurologist and founder of psychoanalysis named Sigmund Freud constructed an original approach to the understanding of human psychology. Prior to the founding of psychoanalysis, mental illness was thought to come from some kind of deterioration or disease rooted in the brain. The certitude that physical diseases of the brain induced mental illness signified that psychological origins were disregarded. Freud insisted on studying the topic hoping to changeRead MoreFreud s Dream Theory ( Psychoanalysis )1040 Words   |  5 PagesFreud s Dream Theory (Psychoanalysis) ` Sigmund Freud was born in 1856, He was a neurologist and was the founder of psychoanalysis. In 1881 he was qualified as a doctor in medicine at the University of Vienna. In 1885 Freud became a guide in neurophysiology and then a year later traveled to Paris with to study with a well known neurologist Jean-Martin Prescott. Jean was conducting scientific studies on hypnosis. Freud began using hypnosis in his clinical work which later made him realize thatRead MoreEssay on Sigmund Freud714 Words   |  3 PagesSigmund Freud Sigmund Freud, physiologist, medical doctor, psychologist and father of psychoanalysis, is recognized as one of the most influential thinkers of the twentieth century. As the originator of psychoanalysis, Freud distinguished himself as an intellectual giant. He invented new techniques and for understanding human behavior, his efforts resulted in one of the most comprehensive theories of psychology developed. Freud was born May 6, 1856 in Freiberg in Moravia (what is now Czechoslovakia)Read MoreEssay about Sigmund Frueds Psychology1339 Words   |  6 PagesSigmund Freud was born in 1856 in Frieber, Moravia; his father was a wool merchant and his mother was twenty years younger than his father. Freud had two step brothers which were around the same age as his mother; one stepbrother had a son who became Freud’s playmate growing up (Sigmund). Around the age of four, Freud and his family moved to Vienna where he stayed for a majority of his life. (Boeree) When Freud’s family moved to Vienna, they lived in an area that was highly populated with JewsRead MoreI Know What ItS Like To Be Afraid Of Your Own Mind.1610 Words   |  7 Pagescan also benefit by practicing some of Freud s Theory. Sigmund Freud believed that â€Å"The interpretation of dreams is the royal road to a knowledge of the unconscious activities of the mind† (The Interpretation of Dreams (1900)). Sigmund Freud was a neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis. Sigismund Schlomo Freud was born May 6th, 1856 in Freiberg in Mà ¤hren, Moravia, Austrian Empire and died on September 23rd, 1939 at Hampstead, London, UK. Sigmund was influenced by Charles Darwin, ArthurRead MoreSigmund Freud Biography1317 Words   |  6 PagesSigmund Frued, Austrian physician, neurologist, and founder of psychoanalysis. Freud was born in Freiberg (now Prà ­bor, Czech Republic), on May 6, 1856, and educated at the University of Vienna. When he was three years old his family, fleeing from the anti-Semitic riots then raging in Freiberg, moved to Leipzig. Shortly thereafter, the family settled in Vienna, where Freud remained for most of his life. Although Freud s ambition from childhood had been a career in law, he decided to become a medicalRead MoreSigmund Freud : The Psychology World1482 Words   |  6 PagesSigmund Freud was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis who took the psychology world by storm. He is regarded as one of the most influential, and controversial, minds of the twentieth century who created an entirely new approach to the understanding of the human personality. Freud was born on May 6, 1856 in Freiberg, Moravia known today as Pribor in the Czech Republic. He grew up in a not so traditional family setting with his parents, two stepbrothers, and nephew. He was theRead MorePersonal Differences : Sigmund Freud And Hans Eysenck748 Words   |  3 PagesThere are many psychologists that have created theories having great impacts on the field of psychology. Two examples of psychologists that developed famous theories were Sigmund Freud and Hans Eysenck. Hans Eysenck was a German born English physcologist who was known very well in Great Britain from March 4th 1917 - September 4th 1997. Eysenck was interested in human intelligence and personality traits and is known for his theories on both. He was also well known for his knowledge and understandingRead MoreMajor Theorist Paper: Sigmund Freud2200 Words   |  9 PagesTheorist Paper: Sigmund Freud THE FOUNDATION What can I say about Sigmund Freud that has not been said before? Sigmund Freud is known as the â€Å"Founding Father of Psychoanalysis.† I have been reading a book about Sigmund Freud which seems quite interesting called, â€Å"Freud’s War with God† by Jack Wright, Jr., Ph.D. I will need to go over Sigmund Freud’s Life, the historical context, educational training, and review of major tenants of Sigmund Freud’s model. NATAL AND DEMISE Sigmund Freud was born in a

Research Paper Proposal The Black Death - 1171 Words

The anticipated research paper will be taking into consideration the perspectives of the individuals that lived and died as a result of the Black Death, specifically from the year 1348 CE – 1350 CE and in the better known parts of the world during that period, the reactions, preventative measure that were taken to combat the plague, the religious and governmental response. In the collection of primary sources amassed by John Aberth in The Black Death, 1348-1350: the great mortality of 1348-1350 ; a brief history with documents1 he very succinctly provides a condensed description of each document by giving a background of the author as well as the source of the primary source. Aberth manages to do this while remaining impartial, an†¦show more content†¦In their determination, â€Å"Jupiter, being wet and hot, draws up evil vapors from the earth, and Mars, because it is immediately dry and hot, then ignites the vapors, and as a result there were lightnings, sparks, no xious vapors and fires throughout the air.†4 Rosemary Horroxs The Black Death5 is entirely confined to Europe in the areas that presently comprise the United Kingdom6, Italy and France, and covers the plague through the first to the fourth outbreak. Horroxs book is similar to Aberths Great Mortality in that it provides a selection of primary sources which, although they span the various outbreaks, also give insight to the medieval reaction. Additionally, Horrox subsequently goes into the reactions and consequences of the plague in the same way that Aberth does in From the brink of the apocalypse, only she provides primary sources for these. Before each selection of primary sources Horrox puts them into context consequently providing a set-up to each group of sources. This method comes across as much more organized than Aberths Apocalypse from a research standpoint as it is much easier to isolate the information one may need. Like Aberth, Horrox maintains an impartiality in her book so that the reader can read the primary sources and experience the emotions uninfluenced and unbiased. Using the availability of notarys documentation, Richard W. Emerys The Black DeathShow MoreRelatedThe Black Panther Party By Jessica C. Harris1053 Words   |  5 Pagesinside and out investigation of The Black Panther Party as a particular illustration for progressive patriotism and breaks down altogether the positive commitments they made and in addition the negative parts of the gathering. Jessica C. Harris, who was fixated on the historical backdrop of the organization, did research and composed the paper. 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Apart from this fact, the earth’s atmosphere is a complexity of gaseous system that occurs naturally and is critical for the sustenanceRead MoreThe Between Traditional And Online News1630 Words   |  7 Pagesnews; ethics, reliability, and credibility of media has been questioned by the public (Wadley, n.d.). American s trust on media dropped back to the lowest point which is 40 percent last year (McCarthy, 2014). In addition, tabloids are on almost every paper, media should or should not take on the responsibility to provide only facts, and news that affects a huge number of population, is there the necessity to have a uniform ethical system for all media to follow? Differences between traditional and online

Burglary Criminal Data Comparison Free Essays

The year 1929 marked the conception of the Uniform Crime Reporting program (UCR) by the chiefs of police international association to gather for the required reliability and homogeneous crime data for the country. The mission of collection, publication and archiving of this information was rendered to the FBI in 1930. At present, numerous yearly statistical data such as â€Å"Crime in the United States† is published from information provided by approximately 17,000 U. We will write a custom essay sample on Burglary Criminal Data Comparison or any similar topic only for you Order Now S. law enforcement organizations. UCR Program later formulated the NIBRS-National Incident Based Reporting System as an answer to necessitate the want for in-depth and flexible data. Crime Indicators In a period not less than 30years the United States has had two national crime indicators: the UCR program and the NCVS-National Crime Victimization Survey that gathers a statistics from a nationally balanced representative sample of persons 12 years and above who produce crime estimates independent of the recorded performances of the criminal justice organization. Information from both is normally used jointly to present a more inclusive evaluation of crime in the United States. Burglary Burglary as defined by the Uniform Crime Reporting program is the illegal entrance into a structure to commit an offense or theft. For an offense to be classified under burglary the use of force to attain entry is not a must. The program has 3 subdivisions for burglary: entry by force, illegal entry without use of force and attempted entry by force. The same applies to the UCR’s classification of structure which includes barn, apartment, and houseboat or house trailer is used as lifelong residence, ship vessel, office, railroad car excluding automobiles. Legal enforcement urgencies in 2005 reported an approximated 2,154,126 burglary crime which represents a 0. 5% rise from the 2004 figures. An assessment of decade trends shows a 1. 8% rise in burglary rates in comparison with the 2001 approximation, and a 14 % decrease from the 1996 figures. Based on the table’s approximation of committed property crimes, burglary accounted for over 21 percent of the total with an average dollar loss of 1,725 USD. Statistics show that of the residential burglary offences that occurred in 2005, a majority 65% took place during daytime, however for nonresidential structures most burglary offences (58 percent) happened in the night- that’s between 1800hours and 0600hours. This information can aid one on drawing trends of burglary offences considering the population, form of life and city structure. New York Metropolitan Area In recent years police survey information show that burglary in the core counties of the New York Metropolitan region’s core counties has been on the decline. And as anticipated the UCR burglary rate was lower than the NCVS total burglary rate, this is attributed to the reluctance of victims to report with only about 61% of burglary incidences recorded by the police. Most occurrences were reported from lower class residential areas with high unemployment rates with the offenders being violent youths mostly. Chicago Metropolitan Area Police and survey estimates agree of decline in burglary incidences since 2000 but still the NCVS rate was higher than the UCR with only 52% of burglary incidences reported over this period. Rates were high in suburban areas of Illinois and generally performed during the day but not violently. Its noted that the offenses were executed mostly by men but some of them usually nonviolent were an act of the female gender. Conclusion It should be noted that most of those local state agencies with the interest to review rates or crime trends, classically draw analysis about felony in their regions basing singly on police statistics. This study has examined the comparison of police figures to victim survey information on burglary and other crimes for the big cities in the country. Gender ,age and class form the most noteworthy burglary variables compounded with the effects of class i. e. unemployment and location. Unlike men, females have a tendency to start burglary in their later stages in life with lower/ underclass females involved than young women. References Maston, C. and Klaus, P. (2006). Criminal Victimization in the United States, 2005 statistical tables. Violent Crime since 1993, US Department of Justice. http://www. ojp. usdoj. gov/bjs/glance/tables/4meastab. htm. Retrieved on March 13, 2009. How to cite Burglary Criminal Data Comparison, Papers

Sympathy Essay Research Paper The poem free essay sample

Sympathy Essay, Research Paper The verse form # 8220 ; Sympathy # 8221 ; , by Paul Laurence Dunbar suggests to the reader a comparing between the life style of the caged bird, and the African American in the 19th century. Paul Laurence Dunbar # 8217 ; s focal point of # 8220 ; Sympathy # 8221 ; is how the African American identifies and relates to the defeats and hurting that a caged bird experiences. Dunbar begins the verse form by saying, # 8220 ; I know what the caged bird feels, alas! # 8221 ; which illustrates the comparing of a caged bird to an African American. Dunbar writes a verse form with vivid and descriptive linguistic communication throughout. Dunbar uses this to stress his point that person tied up in bondage and ironss figuratively is non fortunate plenty to bask the finer things in life. Sadly, # 8220 ; jumping grass # 8221 ; , a fluxing river, and budding flowers are things that unoppressed people might take for granted ( For a slave or person fighting to acquire on their pess station bondage, could non take the clip to bask life # 8217 ; s pleasances in which Dunbar symbolically uses nature. We will write a custom essay sample on Sympathy Essay Research Paper The poem or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page ) Dunbar uses linguistic communication that reaches out, striking a personal chord with the reader. Grass, river, or flowers may be objects we enjoy, but underprivileged people, non needfully minorities, can non bask because of societal or economic fortunes. Underprivileged people may see white people making what they enjoy and work themselves into a defeated craze because attempt as they might, the deck is stacked against them. Ironically, the life of the caged bird is the life of the African American. During the 19th and early twentieth centuries, the black population was enslaved and tortured by the white population. African Americans were looked down upon with disgust and unfairness. The Whites forced the inkinesss to go slaves to them because the white population possessed all of the power and wealth in America at that clip ; hence, the black population had no pick but to be enslaved. African Americans were non given the opportunity to boom and turn. In kernel, African Americans were captives in their ain place i.e. like the caged bird. The life of a caged bird is similar. Caged birds excessively are similar captives in their ain place. A caged bird is non allowed to utilize its ability to wing, to research, and to be free. Alternatively, the caged bird is forced to be on # 8220 ; his perch and cling when he fain would be on the bough a-swing. # 8221 ; ( Lines 10, 11 ) Dunbar identifies the African American life style with what the caged bird feels. In the first stanza, Dunbar writes about the beauty of nature. He writes of # 8220 ; when the Sun is bright on the upward inclines ; And the river flows like a watercourse of glass ; When the first bird sings and the first bud opes, And the swoon aroma from its goblet bargains # 8221 ; and so Dunbar writes # 8220 ; I know what the caged bird feels. # 8221 ; ( Lines 2-7 ) Interpretivly, Dunbar seems to be associating the caged bird # 8217 ; s unhappiness that stems from non being allowed to bask the cryptic beauties of nature. Dunbar efforts to convey the reader in to the first stanza by arousing emotion and refection of the beautiful things that all worlds should be able to see. In the 2nd stanza, Dunbar refers to the emotional and physical maltreatment that imprisonment and captivity evokes both in the caged bird and the African American. He begins this stanza with, # 8220 ; I know why the caged bird beats his wing. † ( Line 8 ) Meaning, Dunbar understands why the caged bird battles both physically and emotionally to be set free. The staying parts of the 2nd stanza portray the self-inflicted and non self-inflicted physical lesions of the caged bird to the African American. The self-inflicted lesions come from the conflict for freedom. Dunbar describes â€Å"why the caged bird beats his wing till its blood is red on the cruel bars† because â€Å"he must wing back to his perch and cling when he fain would be on the bough a-swing.† ( Lines 8-11 ) The African Americans experienced this same sort of hurting from contending for their freedom. Lynching, or being put to decease by hanging or firing without legal countenance, were the outstanding picks of deathly anguish in the 1800’s and early 1900’s. Lynching or crushing occurred when a slave tried to get away or disobey his/her white maestro. It seems that Dunbar is metaphorically mentioning to this in his 2nd stanza. # 8220 ; I know why the caged bird sings, ah me # 8221 ; , begins the 3rd stanza of # 8220 ; Sympathy. # 8221 ; Singing, for the most portion, is thought to be out of felicity and contentment. On the other manus, vocalizing can be borne out of wretchedness such as we see in the history of African American vocal, singing for the slaves was for this ground. Slaves sang to show their sadness ; to let go of the emotions African Americans were non allowed showing without terrible penalty. Dunbar refers to this vocalizing in the last stanza of # 8220 ; Sympathy # 8221 ; and compares it with why the caged bird sings. Dunbar writes that the caged bird sings # 8221 ; non a carol of joy or hilarity, but a supplication that he sends from his bosom # 8217 ; s deep nucleus, but a supplication that upward Heaven he flings. # 8221 ; ( Lines 18-20 ) Therefore, vocalizing is a supplication for aid and freedom for the inkinesss and the caged bird. Slaves sang non out of joy, but to submerge o ut their sorrow. Singing was a life jacket for African Americans during bondage as it is for the caged bird. The vocal was a supplication for compassion and freedom. A reader could look at the verse form # 8220 ; Sympathy # 8221 ; as a piece of amusement visual perception as he is strictly speaking about past slave clip and believe it bears no relevancy to present twenty-four hours. Other readers could believe it to be directed at inkinesss that were in a battle during the clip of Reconstruction and old ages following. This verse form could be directed to anyone in any given state of affairs. That is, the poesy of beauty. It could be subjective to your frame of mention. Whether it be a occupation, school, household, or relationship state of affairss, Dunbar could be stating you ( the reader ) are trapped like the caged bird and you ( the reader ) have no other option but to use your energy to acquire out i.e. of the coop. The longer you ( the reader ) stay in a bad state of affairs, the worse the state of affairs gets, the more round up emotionally you become. I interpret Paul Laurence Dunbar # 8217 ; s # 8220 ; Sympathy # 8221 ; as his manner of showing the suppressed life of African Americans during the 19th and 20th centuries. He articulately compares an guiltless animal # 8217 ; s lifestyle to the life style of the African Americans. The linguistic communication chosen for this verse form evokes compassion, understanding, and understanding in the reader. In world, African Americans were denied the right to life, merely like the caged bird. This in bend allows the reader to sympathize with the lives of slaves. Dunbar, Paul Lawrence, # 8220 ; Sympathy # 8221 ; in Black Voices

The Samurai History in Japan

The Samurai History in Japan Socio-economic Challenges that Kobushin Samurai Faced Samurai faced a number of challenges, which were both economic and social. In the 19th century, Samurai was the respected royal class of Japan. However, its power faded so fast due to the public mistrust. This was mainly because of the stagnation of income owing to the fact that the society was undergoing change.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Samurai History in Japan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Members of the Samurai were unable to achieve their economic interests because of poor returns and oppressive policies. The daimyos and the shogun could not increase taxes because rice farmers were reluctant to appreciate the role of the samurai in society. This affected the Samurai in the sense that the populace lost trust to an extent of refusing to submit taxes, which were in a form of food. The shift from agriculture as an economic activity to merchant trade affected many people since some individuals became poorer. They could not even sustain their families. This meant that they could not pay taxes to the Samurai. The daimyos had no option, but to increase tax rates for peasants. This complicated everything because the community experienced social disorder. The rates of crime went up because of frustrations. Katsu noted that the peasants threatened to organize demonstrations, forcing the Samurai to change the strategy as regards to adjusting the tax rates upwards (71). The social position of the Samurai and its economic chances were insidious, which resulted in the internal and external conflicts. This affected the existence of Kobushin because it was brought down. The royal class attained adequate power that placed it in the top position, with high culture and high social rank. This social position affected economic chances of the Samurai because the higher the social position, the better the chances for attaining high economic positi ons. Another challenge that faced the Samurai was the issue of change because the leadership could not handle change. The role of the peasant was always to provide foodstuff and offer taxes in a form of food. However, there was a new trend whereby the society was changing from agricultural society to the merchant society. The economic activity was changing because the community was adopting trade and quitting agriculture. Before the community changed its economic activity, merchants were viewed as the necessary evil because only unavailable products could be acquired from them. The society was growing at unprecedented rate because the challenges of urbanization were being felt for the first time.Advertising Looking for essay on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More People had to shift from mechanistic societies to what were referred to as organic societies. This was not an easy task (Vaporis 33). The Samurai was not allowed to engage in trade or any other activity that would benefit it economically. The society had become complex since everything relied on economics meaning that those with economic power controlled everything in society. The Tokugawa laws stated that the Samurai had to offer guidance to the society, but not engaging in profit making activities. Merchants became very rich because the new social and economic trends favored them. Some peasants benefited directly from the new laws because they engaged in trading activities with the merchants. The power of the Kobushin Samurai was at risk because its social status did not allow it to engage in trade. The society was changing at the rate that few people had anticipated meaning that traditional ways of doing things could no longer hold. How Katsu Used or Abused his Status as a Samurai to Survive Katsu had to abuse his status to survive because the society was changing so fast. The new dynamics of society demanded that every person ad justs his or her views to conform to the new trends. During Katsu’s era, there was a tremendous growth of agricultural production. Moreover, the population grew at an alarming rate because there was a reported seventy percent growth. Tokugawa policies supported land reclamation, which supported agricultural production in various parts of the country. There was adequate peace because of the disarming of peasants and local leaders, which boosted development in various parts of the nation. It is reported that the land cultivated was increased by over one hundred percent meaning that there was surplus production. Katsu could not sit back and watch the changes taking place without getting involved. Tokugawa regime introduced the use of fertilizers and modern farming techniques that improved people’s living standards. Katsu could not be a part of the changes because of his status in society. He had to keep off from all economic activities that would make him rich. However, h e changed his position when he decided to be a thief because the book reports that he stole and lied to many people to achieve his interests in society. He allowed himself to mingle with people of all characters including beggars, thieves, priests, merchants, gamblers, and the holy.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Samurai History in Japan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to the samurai culture, this was unacceptable because the member of the royal class was expected to conduct him or herself in the manner that befits their status. In other words, Katsu was willing to do virtually everything to ascend to a higher economic status, including spoiling his own reputation and that of his family. Instead of living in accordance to the culture of the Samurai, Katsu involved himself in activities that were contrary to the provisions of the traditional culture. For instance, he participated in producing goods th at would generate profit. This was not allowed because it was considered exploitation. Members of the ruling class were not expected to exploit the poor by disposing cheap goods at an exorbitant price (Yoda 89). Katsu posited that he engaged himself in the making of lanterns, care parts, and umbrellas. Moreover, he accepted to take up cheap jobs that were contrary to his culture such as car painting, gate keeping, and plastering. Katsu commented that he was willing to live in accordance with the provisions of the culture, but he would not be able to live a comfortable life. Living a pious life would not bring any greatness to his family hence he decided to engage in activities that contravened the culture. The Realities of the Urban Life Urbanization was one of factors that forced Katsu to readjust his view as regards to the traditional culture. The emergence of cities posed serious challenges to both the mighty and the working class. The city life presented new opportunities, as we ll as challenges to individuals. Katsu was forced to adopt a new way of life whereby he would interact with individuals perceived to be impure. Katsu lost greatly due to the emergence of the cities because he was always paid in fixed stipends, which were disbursed in terms of rice. The stipends were paid based on an individual’s social position in society. Urbanization contributed to the increase of prices of commodities, which was not commensurate to the increase in production. The new trends of the city demanded that people pay out their bills in monetary terms meaning that the samurai was to exchange the rice received with money. This would not be enough because the living costs had gone up yet taxpayers could no offer more taxes. The Samurai existed at the mercy of the moneychangers and the merchants who had taken over the economic systems of various towns, including Osaka and Edo.Advertising Looking for essay on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the market, there was an unstable price for rice, meaning that moneychangers could decide the price at which they could buy the major product. The economy was growing so fast, yet the Samurai was not allowed to engage in farming and commerce. This was a challenge because the leadership of the city was becoming weaker and weaker while traders, who were ranked low socially, were the economic powerhouses. The emergence of the cities presented new challenges to the Samurai in a number of ways because they were forced to engage in activities that were forbidden culturally. Contacts between people were official meaning that individuals did not meet just to talk about the social problems. For instance, an individual needed an appointment with any of the merchants to discuss any issue. The role of the Samurai was diminishing because the city had complex challenges that demanded effective forms of administrations. For instance, the Samurai was expected to act as an example to other member s of society regarding morality. Other members of society would follow the ways of the Samurai in terms of observing cultural rules and regulations. Moreover, other forms of crimes emerged due to the urbanization, for instance, prostitution, muggings, kidnapping, and carjacking emerged as new forms of crimes that would not be prevented. Even the Samurai was not spared. Dilemma of the Low Ranking Samurai in the Tokugawa Regime The Samurai was expected to follow the culture that was so strict on its members, whereby each individual was supposed to keep off from activities that would hurt the members of society. During the Tokugawa regime, it was very difficult to convince people to live in accordance with the values of the Samurais culture because of the changes that were taking place in society. The changes were taking place rapidly. The Tokugawa regime tried to disseminate information regarding the life of the Samurai through promotion of education and increasing literacy. The Samur ai belonged to the royal class whose major aim was to defend the community during war. To the Samurai, death was considered normal because it was inevitable. To preserve unity in Japan, involvement of the Samurai was crucial because it was respected all over. It became extremely difficult to convince people to appreciate the role that the Samurai played in the Japanese society. This was the dilemma of governmental officials because they found it difficult to abolish the role of the Samurai. There was divided loyalty among government officials as regards to the role of the Samurai. Some believed that the Samurai had no role to play since its members had abandoned the fundamental ideals that characterized the royalty. Some Tokugawa officials noted that the Samurai motivated the soldiers because they were regarded as the highest family in the land. To be a good soldier, an individual had to forfeit all other things and concentrate on serving the nation. Therefore, the role of the Samur ai was important. Katsu, Kokichi. Musuis Story: The Autobiography of a Tokugawa Samurai. Tucson: The Univ. of Arizona Press, 1995. Print. Vaporis, Constantive. â€Å"To Edo and Back: Alternate Attendance and Japanese Culture in the Early Modern Period.† Journal of Japanese Studies, 23.1 (1997): 25–67. Print. Yoda, Tomiko. â€Å"A Roadmap to Millennial Japan.† South Atlantic Quarterly, 99.4 (2000): 629–668. Print.

Proposed Amendments to the U.S. Constitution

Proposed Amendments to the U.S. Constitution Any member of Congress or state legislature can propose amendments to the U.S. Constitution. Since 1787, more than 10,000 amendments have been proposed. These proposals range from banning the desecration of the American flag to balancing the  federal budget to altering the Electoral College. Key Takeaways: ​Proposed Amendments Since 1787, more than 10,000 constitutional amendments have been proposed by members of Congress and state legislatures.  Most proposed amendments are never ratified.  Some of the most commonly proposed amendments relate to the federal budget, the freedom of speech, and congressional term limits.   The Amendment Proposal Process Members of Congress propose an average of nearly 40 constitutional amendments every year.  However, most amendments  are never ratified or even passed by the House or Senate. In fact, the Constitution has been amended only 27 times in history. The last time a proposed amendment to the U.S. Constitution was ratified was 1992, when the 27th Amendment preventing Congress from giving itself immediate pay raises was cleared by the states. The process of amending the Constitution in this particular case took more than two centuries, illustrating the difficulty and reluctance among elected officials and the public to changing a document that is so revered and cherished. For an amendment to be considered, it must receive  a two-thirds majority vote in both the House and Senate or be called for at a constitutional convention voted on by two-thirds of state legislatures. Once an amendment is  proposed, it must be ratified by at least three-fourths of the states to be added to the constitution. Many proposed amendments to the U.S. Constitution fail to catch on, even those that appeared to have the support of the most powerful elected official in the land: the president of the United States. President Donald Trump, for example, has expressed support for both a constitutional ban on flag-burning and on  term limits for members of the House and Senate. (The Founding Fathers rejected the idea of imposing term limits when writing the U.S. Constitution.) Commonly Proposed Constitutional Amendments The overwhelming majority of proposed constitutional amendments deal with the same few topics:  the federal budget, freedom of speech, and term limits. However, none of the following amendments have gained much traction in Congress. Balanced Budget Among the most contentious proposed amendments to the U.S. Constitution is the balanced-budget amendment. The idea of  preventing the federal government from spending more than it generates in revenue from taxes in any fiscal year has drawn support from some conservatives. Most notably, it won backing from President Ronald Reagan, who vowed in 1982 to do all he could to get Congress to pass the amendment. Speaking in the Rose Garden of the White House in July 1982, Reagan said: We must not, and we will not, permit prospects for lasting economic recovery to be buried beneath an endless tide of red ink. Americans understand that the discipline of a balanced-budget amendment is essential to stop squandering and overtaxing. And theyre saying the time to pass the amendment is now. The balanced-budget amendment is the single most commonly  proposed amendment to the U.S. Constitution, according to a Pew Research Center analysis of legislation. Over the course of two decades, members of the House and Senate introduced 134 such proposed amendments -   none of which went beyond Congress.   Flag-Burning In 1989, President George H.W. Bush  announced his support for a proposed amendment to the U.S. Constitution that would have banned the desecration of the American flag. However,  the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the  First Amendment  guarantee of  freedom of speech  protected the activity. Said Bush: I believe that the flag of the United States should never be the object of desecration. Protection of the flag, a unique national symbol, will in no way limit the opportunity nor the breadth of protest available in the exercise of free speech rights. ...  Flag burning is wrong. As President, I will uphold our precious right to dissent, but burning the flag goes too far and I want to see that matter remedied. Term Limits The Founding Fathers rejected the idea of congressional term limits. Supporters of a congressional term limit amendment argue that it will limit the possibility for corruption and bring fresh ideas into the Capitol. On the other hand, critics of the idea argue that there is value in the  experience gained when congressional leaders serve multiple terms.  Ã‚   Other Examples of Proposed Amendments The following are some other recently proposed amendments to the U.S. Constitution. Repealing the 16th Amendment. The 16th amendment created the income tax in 1913. Representative Steve King of Iowa proposed a repeal of this amendment in order to eliminate the income tax and ultimately replace it with a different tax system.  Rep. King stated: â€Å"The federal government has the first lien on all productivity in America. Ronald Reagan once said, ‘What  you tax you get less of.’ Right now we tax all productivity. We need to turn that completely around and put the tax on consumption. That is why we need to repeal the 16th Amendment which authorizes the income tax. Replacing the current income tax with a consumption tax will ensure that productivity is not punished in our country, but rewarded.†Requiring a two-thirds vote of from each house  of Congress to increase the statutory limit on the public debt, from Rep. Randy Neugebauer of Texas.  The United States debt ceiling is the maximum amount of money that the federal government is allowed to borrow to meet its existing legal financial obligations, including Social Security and Medicare benefits, military salaries, interest on the national debt, tax refunds, and other payments. The U.S. Congress sets the debt limit and only Congress can raise it. Stating that the Constitution neither prohibits voluntary prayer nor requires prayer in schools, from Rep. Nick J. Rahall II of West Virginia. The proposed amendment states that the constitution will not be construed to prohibit voluntary prayer or require prayer in school.  Overturning Citizens United, the U.S. Supreme Court decision that the federal government cannot limit corporations from spending money to influence the outcome of elections, from Rep. Theodore Deutch of Florida.  Limit the power of Congress to impose a tax on a failure to purchase goods or services, from Rep. Steven  Palazzo of Mississippi. This proposed amendment seeks to undo the federal mandate that Americans carry health insurance, as spelled out by the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act signed by President Barack Obama.  Ending the practice of including more than one subject in a single law by requiring that each law enacted by Congress be limited to only one subject and that the subject be c learly and descriptively expressed in the title of the law, from Rep. Tom Marino of Pennsylvania. Giving  states the right to repeal federal laws and regulations when ratified by the legislatures of two-thirds of the several states, from Rep. Rob Bishop of Utah. Bishop argues that this proposed amendment would add an additional system of checks and balances between state and federal governments. The founding fathers crafted the Constitution to include the concept of checks and balances. Sources DeSilver, Drew. Proposed Amendments To The U.S. Constitution Seldom Go Anywhere. Pew Research Center, 2018.Frank, Steve. The Top 10 Amendments That Havent Made It (Yet).  National Constitution Center, 2010.Amending America: Proposed Amendments to the United States Constitution, 1787 to 2014:  National Archives

Music in Twentieth Century Wales Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Music in Twentieth Century Wales - Essay Example Through education and the support of patrons, Welsh music has set into a vigorous motion that encompasses other musical horizons that has led to a significant transformation of music that is performed in Wales.2 This has included instrumental music, chamber music plus symphonic output music.3 The creation of ensembles at Welsh universities and the establishment of a national orchestra coupled with the British Broadcasting Corporation national Orchestra of Wales has given rise to an unrivalled interest in instrumental music either orchestral or chamber. Composers of the twentieth century have also added an impetus towards the interaction of Welsh classical music and music from other parts of the world. Prominent artists to have come from Wales include Mansen Thomas, Daniel Jones, Alun Hoddinott and others form the current crop of musicians. Wales has a different kind of music as compared to music from other parts of the world, that has given it the title â€Å"the land of song† , and the music is normally associated with deep male voice exemplified in bands and choirs such as the Treorchy Male Voice Choir. In the twentieth century, an upsurge of national and international acts such as the Manic Street Preachers that sang a new crop of music quite distinct from the usual Welsh tunes. The Welsh songs in the twentieth century and beyond have been characterized by narratives done in dramatic fashion, contrasts and climaxes that may be thrilling in nature. These are performed by bands composed of people who appreciate brass bands and their percussive effect. In the twentieth century, the importance of music and its performance in the Welsh society especially in the education sector has been emphasized through different media and performances. Different researchers have shown that the music is developed with a deep focus on festivals, brass bands, choirs composed of males and emergence of mixed choirs. Other modes include the development of music competitions co vering Welsh music and their performance at all stages in the society. At the beginning of the twentieth century and beyond, Wales has seen an upsurge music groups playing rock and pop through groupings, ensembles, bands or individuals.4 Individuals include such persons as Dave Edmunds, Shakin Stevens and Shirley Bassey who have revolutionized the music society in Wales. Groups of singers include john cale of the Velvet Underground while popular bands in Wales include the Amen Corner, The Alarm and many other groups. The Welsh National Eisteddfod5 is a major festival that provides an opportunity for the Welsh to celebrate their culture especially their music. It is normally held every year and in different venues and every or most members of the Welsh community gather to watch harpists and bards perform songs whereby the singers are accompanied by harps and the performance is competitive.6 In Wales, most of the choirs are male dominated that have been known to belt good tunes around the world. One of the best-known male choir bands of the twentieth century that has promoted the virtue of Welsh music is the Treorchy and the Morriston Orpheus male voice choirs that have toured the whole world with great performances. Recently, other choirs have come up and grown popular, for example the

Brand Audit Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Brand Audit - Research Paper Example However, with appropriate brand audit the particular brand will get more strength to retain its strong brand image within the market. Introduction: There are many cases in the industry where the business got badly affected for the major brand failures and for these factors the main reason would be the lack of initiative in brand audit process. Target is a brand which is into the retailing. It has to be remembered that a retail store sales products which are of different brands. Target retail is a chain which is selling multi branded products in their stores. In this case many brands are associated under one name and that is the reason auditing of the main brand Target is an important factor to be taken seriously to measure the ultimate output in a quantitative manner. Brand audit and background analysis of the Brand Target: The brand is the name, logo or some marks associated with the product which distinguishes the product from the other identical products (Clifton, Simmons, and Ahm ad 2009, 23). According to Martin Jelsema 1 the six major factors for the brand evaluations are brand matrices, brand positioning, market segmentations, internal strength of the brand, brand personality and differentiators which differentiate the brand from the other competing brands. The brand audit is basically the valuation of the brad in a quantitative manner. ... As an example brand equity can be stated as the strong mental association within the consumers related to the specific brand. It also can be associated with the aggregate value of the brand in the customers’ mind (Majumdar, 2009, 3). Customers are the assets of the companies and the brand identity and the brand equity relates closely towards the customer equity. The brand Target has a great brand value among the customers of Australia. There are some factors which are closely related to the evaluation of the brand Target and they are, value equity, relationship equity and the brand equity. The customer centric approach of the retail brand Target is the key of the success. The Brand Target was founded in early 1925 and from that time it is growing with a great pace and in the present time the brand operates as a subsidiary of the company named Coles Group Limited (Target Australia private Ltd.). The company has a great existence in the market as the brand name of Target and it has also created great brand equity in the country side of the Australia with the brand name of Target Country Stores. However, the mother brand Target is having more than 290 stores in all over Australia (History in the making: Target). The Target Australia Private Ltd has shown a great endeavor towards building the brand and more importantly it has got a sustainable market capitalization within the Australian consumers for many years. Brand Culture: The brand culture is a structural function which creates the identity of the brand for a long term within the organization. The proper culture shows the ultimate path for the improvement. The brand culture has got a great significance in the industry for the last few decades

Hollywoods Life Saver Essay -- Entertainment Movies Papers

Hollywood's Life Saver For years Hollywood has been the land of stars and cinema; a place where dreams are made, and all of life seems perfect. However, the glitz and glamour of Hollywood has often masked some of Hollywood's biggest stars' alcoholism and drug problems. The string of never ending parties, and the increasing amount of drugs that are being used on club circuits, frequented by many of Hollywood's elite, became all too familiar for two of Hollywood's young rising stars, Drew Barrymore and the late River Phoenix. Drew Barrymore began drinking at the age of nine, and by the age of thirteen, was in the ASAP Family Treatment Center with an alcohol and cocaine addiction, which she eventually overcame. River Phoenix wasn't so lucky. Phoenix's drug use is not as well chronicled, but is rumored to date back to when he was fifteen years old on the set of "Stand by Me." What is known is that at 1:51 a.m. on October 31, 1993, River Phoenix was pronounced dead at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, California. One begins to wonder how one Hollywood star was able to turn her drug problems around, while another eventually lost his life because of drugs. The answer lies in the fact that Drew Barrymore went to a rehabilitation clinic and received help with her problems while River Phoenix did not. Rehabilitation changes people's lives and even saves some. Rehabilitation clinics, like the ASAP Family Treatment Center Drew Barrymore was a patient in, provide a means of intervention into the life of a person who is addicted to drugs. According to the ASAP Family Treatment Center: This service provides a way to break through the denial of the chemically dependent person and their family. Often families are un... ...drug abuse. Drew is quoted in her autobiographical book about her drug addiction and recovery, Little Girl Lost, as saying "What I have to do is live, not one day at a time, not one hour at a time, but one minute at a time. I have to work my program. If I don't, I won't last. I'll be dragged down. I have to work it whether I need to or notÉthat's what it means to be an alcoholic or an addict. Recovery is an ongoing, lifelong process. Still, mine is a happy ending" (Barrymore, 302). Yes, Drew Barrymore's story does have a happy ending, but River Phoenix' does not. Both Drew and River gave in to the pressures of drug abuse, and both had family histories in drug abuse. Yet, because of Drew Barrymore's friend's and mother's intervention into her drug abuse she was able to receive rehabilitation, and she is still here with us today, taking it one minute at a time. Hollywood's Life Saver Essay -- Entertainment Movies Papers Hollywood's Life Saver For years Hollywood has been the land of stars and cinema; a place where dreams are made, and all of life seems perfect. However, the glitz and glamour of Hollywood has often masked some of Hollywood's biggest stars' alcoholism and drug problems. The string of never ending parties, and the increasing amount of drugs that are being used on club circuits, frequented by many of Hollywood's elite, became all too familiar for two of Hollywood's young rising stars, Drew Barrymore and the late River Phoenix. Drew Barrymore began drinking at the age of nine, and by the age of thirteen, was in the ASAP Family Treatment Center with an alcohol and cocaine addiction, which she eventually overcame. River Phoenix wasn't so lucky. Phoenix's drug use is not as well chronicled, but is rumored to date back to when he was fifteen years old on the set of "Stand by Me." What is known is that at 1:51 a.m. on October 31, 1993, River Phoenix was pronounced dead at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, California. One begins to wonder how one Hollywood star was able to turn her drug problems around, while another eventually lost his life because of drugs. The answer lies in the fact that Drew Barrymore went to a rehabilitation clinic and received help with her problems while River Phoenix did not. Rehabilitation changes people's lives and even saves some. Rehabilitation clinics, like the ASAP Family Treatment Center Drew Barrymore was a patient in, provide a means of intervention into the life of a person who is addicted to drugs. According to the ASAP Family Treatment Center: This service provides a way to break through the denial of the chemically dependent person and their family. Often families are un... ...drug abuse. Drew is quoted in her autobiographical book about her drug addiction and recovery, Little Girl Lost, as saying "What I have to do is live, not one day at a time, not one hour at a time, but one minute at a time. I have to work my program. If I don't, I won't last. I'll be dragged down. I have to work it whether I need to or notÉthat's what it means to be an alcoholic or an addict. Recovery is an ongoing, lifelong process. Still, mine is a happy ending" (Barrymore, 302). Yes, Drew Barrymore's story does have a happy ending, but River Phoenix' does not. Both Drew and River gave in to the pressures of drug abuse, and both had family histories in drug abuse. Yet, because of Drew Barrymore's friend's and mother's intervention into her drug abuse she was able to receive rehabilitation, and she is still here with us today, taking it one minute at a time.

Do you agree the professional athletes such as football player and basketball player deserve high salaries to be paid? Essay

Undoubtedly, there is a long and tough way towards becoming a great and the famous sports star, not only persistent efforts but also talent are required. Few people on this field could accomplish great things like them. As a reward, they deserve a higher compensation. However, in my opinion, they are paid a crazy amount of salary that is far more than ordinary working people. A lot of money is needed for many purposes, for example, for the aid of starving people in the less economically developing counties, in building school buildings for the children in poverty mountains and help the patients regain their health. If the money that spent on the professional athletes are used on the purpose of these bare necessities of life. Thousands of people will be benefited, which is more meaningful in my opinion. In addition, there are professionals in other fields that provide the population by far much more than the professional athletes such as player of football. For example, education, essentially, is a vital key that will unlock a country’s potential. However, teachers are not paid too much. Generally, teachers are paid between 3000 to 6000 yuan a month in my city. Even those senior professor, who have years of experiences and have the respect of his students, is always paid less than 10000. Similarly, the average doctor, who have working more than 8 hours a day, earns around 5000 yuan a month. Hence, we have to pay more attention and pay more wages to them rather than the professional athletes. From those reasons, we can safely conclude that professional athletes are supposed to pay higher but moderate wages

A Confederacy Of Dunces Is Much More Than A Comedy Beneath

A Confederacy of dunces is much more than a comedy beneath the hilarious and unlikable characters lies a much more subtle message.Walker Percy writes, in the introduction of the novel â€Å"I hesitate to use the word comedy - though comedy it is - because that implies simply a funny book, and this novel is a great deal more than that †¦It is also sad. One never quite knows where the sadness comes from.†(Percy, Walker â€Å"foreword†, A Confederacy of Dunces, p ix). Truly this book aside from being a brilliant comedy offers a view and psychoanalysis to the world of our main character Ignatius J. Reilly. From the beginning lines of the novel John Kennedy Toole does not try to impress us with the main character. Ignatius is far from the stereotypical†¦show more content†¦The postmodern style of writing John Kennedy Toole, makes so that the various cast of the characters in the story are much closer to people in real life making this book a perfect case to stu dy and relate to characters of people across the world . Ignatius is introduced to us as a obnoxious and gruesome character â€Å"A green hunting cap squeezed the top of the fleshy balloon of a head. The green earflaps, full of large ears and uncut hair and the fine bristles that grew in the ears themselves, stuck out on either side like turn signals indicating two directions at once†(Toole, John Kennedy, 1). John Kennedy is not trying to impress us with Ignatius. He is giving us a fantastic, complex character with radical ideas. Every sense of his character is an attempt to show us what not to do. He is unlikable and disgusting yet he judges other people, Ignatius s appearance is a symbol for what lies beneath,his taste in clothing hints at his care for his own comfort which he seems to care about more than anything else except for his ego. Ignatius does not change throughout the story. This however, is not due to his incapability to change, he is simply not willing to change and he blames â€Å"Fortuna!† on every turn. Hi s unwillingness to change is best said by himself when heâ€Å"The book teaches us to accept that which we cannot change. It describes the plight of a just man in an unjust society. It is the very basis for medieval thought.†(Toole, JohnShow MoreRelatedHello2980 Words   |  12 PagesQuick List of Common Literary Terms Abstract Language—Language describing ideas and qualities rather than observable or specific things, people, or places. The observable or physical is usually described in concrete language. Allegory—A narrative or description having a second meaning beneath the surface one. A story, fictional or nonfictional, in which characters, things, and events represent qualities or concepts. The interaction of these characters, things, events is meant to reveal an