Funding Of Planned Parenthood And The Services - 1184 Words

1. Choose one position on the topic that you learned about during your research. What are the â€Å"pros† or â€Å"arguments for† that position? The topic I chose to research was the funding of Planned Parenthood, and the services they provide. One of the positions on this topic was to defund Planned Parenthood. The article, by Sarah Torre, Congress Should End Federal Funding to Planned Parenthood and Redirect It Toward Other Health Care Options discusses the idea that PP should not receive any government funding to its clinics. A main argument established by Torre is that the flow of federal tax dollars could be redirected to other health providers that do not provide abortions. She specifically proposes that money received from family†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Women across the country were routinely dying in emergency rooms after being subject to abortions. I fear we are now coming full circle† (Morris). Here the point is raised that women who are refused abortions may go to extreme, illegal lengths to get them and endanger themselves. Shutting down planned Parenthood will not stop women will not stop women from getting abortions, it will just make them more dangerous (Morris). Planned Parenthood provides more than 4.2 million tests and treatments for sexually transmitted infections, including more than 650,000 HIV tests (Parenthood). Keeping these clinics funded it will provide these services at a reasonable cost to all people. They also provide cancer screenings and other preventative health care that has proven to save lives. 3. Go back to the first position on the topic described above (under number one). What are the â€Å"cons† or â€Å"arguments against† that position? The first position I discussed was the stance to stop government funding to Planned Parenthood. There could be several drawbacks to this idea. For starters, defunding Planned Parenthood would most likely cause such a severe lack of funds that they would be forced to close (Ross). With Planned Parenthood’s doors closed it would take with it all of the positive things they provide. For example â€Å"Planned Parenthood provides more than 4.2 million tests and treatments for sexually transmitted infections, including more than 650,000 HIV tests†Show MoreRelatedShould The Government Defund Planned Parenthood?1693 Words   |  7 PagesShould the Government Defund Planned Parenthood? About a century ago, a small birth-control clinic was opened by Margaret Sanger in Brooklyn, New York. Women and families travelled to this clinic to learn about contraceptives and the perils of self-administered abortions. This was unheard of at the time, to teach a woman how to stop pregnancy in a world where the highest aspiration of a woman was supposed to become a mother. However, very soon after this clinic opened, Sanger was put incarceratedRead MoreParenthood : A Middle Ground1483 Words   |  6 Pagesrule passed that effectively secured that state and local governments would not withhold federal funding for family planning services. This includes contraception, sexually transmitted infections, fertility, pregnancy care, and breast and cervical cancer no matter if they perform abortions. This has been reversed by President Trump. Trump has signed legislation to cut federal funding to Planned Parenthood and other groups that perform abortion. This was a move defended by co nservatives that have demandedRead MoreParenthood Should Not Be Used For Fund Planned Parenthood854 Words   |  4 PagesPlanned Parenthood provides services to approximately 2.7 million people a year. Planned Parenthood also receives an estimated $500 million of federal funding. Not only do they receive federal funding, they also received about $250 million from other sources and raised approximately $50 million in fees from their services. Tax dollars should not be used to fund Planned Parenthood because there is a lot of controversy about the services that Planned Parenthood provides, many do not agree with certainRead MorePlanned Parenthood1299 Words   |  6 PagesPlanned Parenthood Planned Parenthood federation of America (PPFA), better known as Planned Parenthood, is a non-profit organization that provides healthcare and family planning services. Planned Parenthood is the nations leading sexual and reproductive health care provider and advocate (Planned). Planned Parenthood receives federal funding to help practice the services they provide, but some groups believe that funding this organization is morally wrong. Critics of Planned Parenthood say theRead MoreParenthood : A Non Profit Organization That Does A World Of Good?966 Words   |  4 Pagesorganization that does a world of good? I most certainly don’t. Planned Parenthood protects, supports, and educates our society greatly from the services they provide. This essay will provide evidence and reasoning that prove that Planned Parenthood is a beneficial necessity for society, proving that it would be a horrific mistake if Congress chose to defund Planned Parenthood. First things first, it is important to know that Planned Parenthood mainly provides contraception to those whose cannot affordRead MoreA Social Problem That Is Currently Occurring Is Rather1748 Words   |  7 Pagescurrently occurring is rather federal funding should continue to keep Planned Parenthood open. Donald Trump has recently joined other Republicans in their vow to end federal funding for Planned Parenthood, solely based on the idea that Planned Parenthood health care services provide for patients to receive an abortion. The percentage of abortions that Planned Parenthood actually does are less than 3% (Planned Parenthood Statistics). Taking funds away from Planned Parenthood creates a problem not only inRead MorePersuasive Essay On Planned Parenthood1216 Words   |  5 Pages Planned Parenthood was founded on the revolutionary idea that women should have the information and care they need to live strong, healthy lives and fulfill their dreams — no ceilings, no limi ts (Planned Parenthood). With over 600 health centers, the people of Planned Parenthood have dedicated themselves to keep women informed, healthy, and educated in sexual education, and sexual health (Planned Parenthood). While all seemingly good intentions, Planned Parenthood has been A topic of controversyRead MoreParenthood Should Continue Funding Planned Parenthood1184 Words   |  5 PagesDefunded Parenthood Congress has sparked a debate as to whether or not the government should continue funding Planned Parenthood. Too many people are uneducated about the many services Planned Parenthood offers to those who would not be able to afford it otherwise. The debate began after a heavily edited video was released accusing Planned Parenthood of selling fetal organs for a profit. The selling of any body part is against federal law. CNN released an article confirming to the public that itRead MoreThe Supreme Court Case Roe V. Wade1417 Words   |  6 Pageshave been through the Supreme Court, five of which have directly involved Planned Parenthood as the petitioner or respondent. Each of these has posed some threat to Planned Parenthood’s ability to provide abortion and have had the potential to deal a serious blow to women’s reproductive rights as whole. Nonetheless, Planned Parenthood has persevered and retained their ability to provide a full range of reproductive services to wo men. However, the political climate has shifted once again to one ofRead MorePlanned Parenthood - Argumentative Essay1253 Words   |  6 PagesArgumentative Essay Planned Parenthood Millions of women across America will struggle to receive the medical attention they need if the federal government stops funding to Planned Parenthood. Every year 363 million dollars goes into the funding â€Å"pot† collectively at Planned Parenthood’s nationwide (Clark 5). This money is used predominantly by women; for six in ten women, Planned Parenthood acts as their main source of health care (Clark 4). Many individuals with low incomes depend on these clinics

The National Anthem Essay - 1703 Words

In August of 2016, Kaepernick began his protest during a NFL preseason game where he initially sat during the singing of the national anthem. At the time, his rebellious efforts became unnoticed, but he soon enough made headlines when someone took a photo of him sitting during the anthem. Thus a social issue was born from the public’s reaction from the photo.The negativity of the public’s reaction stemmed from the norm that it is customary that people raise their right hand over their heart while facing the flag when the Star-Spangled-Banner is playing, so if one does not follow this norm it is identified showing disrespect. Inevitably, the prediction of the people’s reaction were to be expected as they were outraged when Kaepernick broke the norm. Although, it is legal for individuals not to follow these sacrosanct protocols, citizens of the United States find this norm obligatory.Would you stand by and constantly watch the same social issues to keep reoccurring in your neighborhood? Not only that but it keeps happening to different people by the same organization? When numerous acts of police brutality occurred, Colin Kaepernick decided to protest. He could no longer stand by and do nothing; he decided to take a knee. For professional National Football League (NFL) player, Colin Kaepernick, his response was â€Å"no†. One of the last waves that came toward the end of the summer is the kneeling while the national anthem played during sporting events. When Kaepernick decided toShow MoreRelatedThe National Anthem Essay2212 Words   |  9 PagesBefore every National Football League game, the national anthem reverberates throughout the colossal stadiums. Spectators rise from their seats, nod rhythmically, and when the tune finishes, they get raucous. However, Colin Kaepernick, a quarterback for the San Francisco 49ers, shattered this ritual two months ago. Before their season opener, Kaepernick elected to remain seated for the nationa l anthem. Importantly, it took three successive weeks of him doing this for anyone to notice his silent protestRead MoreThe National Anthem Essay1809 Words   |  8 PagesRecently, many athletes have chosen to take a stand to speak against the injustices of this world. Some are raising their hands to signify black power and unity while others are kneeling and refusing to stand during the singing of the national anthem. The athletes feel it is important to take a stand because of the killings which have taken place over the past few years between law enforcement and people of color. As a result of the recent killings people are protesting because they want justiceRead MoreThe National Anthem Of Peru Essay1627 Words   |  7 Pages28th of July, every year, Peru celebrates its national declaration of independence’s day from Spain in 1821. This holiday is known as â€Å"Fiestas Patrias†. During this day, the national anthem is played for the country. The national anthem is really important for the Peruvians. Reformers tried to change it many times but it always came back to the original one. This song represents many aspects of Peruvian culture and history. The music part of the anthem, made by Josà © Bernardo Alcedo, was chosen betweenRead MoreThe Rights Of The National Anthem1257 Words   |  6 Pagesof the free, and the home of the brave† the remarkable final words of our nation’s anthem. There has been recent controversy about football players, and many other athletes kneeling during the â€Å"Star Spangled Banner† to protest against the tragedies happening in America day after day. The First Amendment gives these athletes the privilege to express those rights by kneeling. People should stand for the national anthem because it is a sign of respect and appreciation for our country. On August 14thRead MoreA Timeline Of The National Anthem1655 Words   |  7 Pages1927, the Lebanese National Anthem was created. This French mandate helped Lebanon by acting as a support, until the country could govern on its own. It was written by Rashid Nakhle and composed by Wadih Sabra. This anthem does not have a specific name; the people usually call it â€Å"Ø §Ã™â€žÃ™â€ Ã˜ ´Ã™Å Ã˜ ¯ Ø §Ã™â€žÃ™Ë†Ã˜ ·Ã™â€ Ã™Å  Ø §Ã™â€žÃ™â€žÃ˜ ¨Ã™â€ Ã˜ §Ã™â€ Ã™Å Ã¢â‚¬ , which simply means â€Å"Lebanese National Anthem† in Arabic. This research paper will create a timeline of the history of Lebanon (Western Asia) and explain how the national anthem is linked to the historyRead MoreEssay On Kneeling And The National Anthem1401 Words   |  6 Pages Kneeling to the National Anthem On September 21st, Christine Brennan reported Colin Kaepernick’s refusal to stand while the national anthem was being played in National Public Radio’s (NPR) online portal (www.npr.org). All through the National Football League s preseason matches, Colin Kaepernick, a quarterback for the San Francisco 49ers, refused to stand for the national anthem. He clarified that he took this stance to point out what he sees as wrongdoings against African-Americans and differentRead MoreNational Anthem Persuasive Speech1159 Words   |  5 Pagesso they could get the flag on the field to do the national anthem. This is when tragic happens. This is when some NFL players kneel during the national anthem. Many people think that protesting the national anthem by kneeling is a bad thing. However, it’s what the players feel like doing even though it is a little disrespectful. Many players kneeled on one day and that was when president Trump made a comment about football. The national anthem pays respect to the people who have risked their livesRead MoreNational Anthem Persuasive Speech1161 Words   |  5 Pagesthey could get the flag on the field to do the national anthem. This is when something tragically happens. This is when some NFL players kneel during the national anthem. Many people think that protesting the national anthem by kneeling is a bad thing. However, it’s what the players feel like doing even though it is a little disrespectful. Many players kneeled on one day and that was when president Trump made a comment about football. The national anthem pays respect to the people who have risked theirRead MoreThe National Anthem By Colin Kaepernick1264 Words   |  6 PagesColin Kaepernick, a quarterback for the San Francisco 49ers, has created much controversy in the nation over his latest protest. During a preseason football game Kaepernick was photographed sitting during the national anthem (McKirdy). When asked about the action later, Kaepernick explained, â€Å"I am not going to stand up to show pride in a flag for a country that oppresses black people and people of color,† (Wyche). The nation exploded. Many showed their support for the quarterback, expressing prideRead MoreNotes On The Day Of The National Anthem980 Words   |  4 Pagespeople will just believe everything that we here on the news. Once we are educated thou we CNS better weed out truth from fiction. 3 â€Å"Should we stand to the national anthem at sporting events and why?† I think that it is truly your own opinion and that it also depends on why you chose to sit. I don’t think it is that important to stand for the anthem. I personally don’t see what the big deal with our obsession with our country is. Most Americans are overly patriotic if you ask me and we should all lighten

Leadership Communication Free Essays

With each volunteer I ensure that I am able to cater for each person’s individual needs by ensuring there is structure for those who have Learning difficulties ii peeping to times, easy read information, clear verbal information in meetings and in writing. Ensuring that only one person is talking at one time so not to confuse anyone and to prevent too much nose for those with environmental sensory difficulties. Easy read minutes are taken at each team meeting and at support sessions. We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership Communication or any similar topic only for you Order Now Staff information is kept in a locked filing cabinet in Rose Buddies, there is information stored on my USB which is locked and I have a second back up storage device in the safe in Rose Buddies. Communication book, notice board, diary, staff planner, handovers Members- to ensure ACH member is kept informed in different ways to suit their needs. We ensure that if a member has a preference with how we communicate with it is to suit their needs; these are easy read posters, newsletters by post, text message, email, faceable, phone call, letter this information is to promote our services to each member. Members details are kept in a locked filing cabinet the key is then stored in a locked draw or myself and Denies Dixon holds a key. Each member has a file note folder on my laptop and on a lockable storage devise held in the safe. I steering group meetings every 12 seeks, we have a chair minute taker and time keeper for each meeting these are all people who have additional needs. These meetings are to ensure the service is running to meet the needs of its users, they decide what activities, events, social events, workshops etc we run throughout the year. Before each meeting we agree that anything we discuss is confidential and should not be discussed without anyone’s permission. Notices, planner, diary, Social workers, Gap’s, Community nurses, Tot’s, etc – most of my communication is through restricted emails and phone calls and is redecoration referrals. I have strategy meetings about new members to ensure we have a clear understanding of the support they require. As an organization we are required respect confidentiality and have a good understanding of the company’s Data protection policy. I use initials, where possible, when I am communication with external stakeholders. Any emails receive are saved into the members file, if there are any actions required I fill in this section of the members file note. Police and Community Wardens – The communication have is predominantly verbal, I always ensure that this s recorded in the members file note and any actions are recorded. Council employees work and pensions employees – The communication I have with these organizations are when we provide support to Rose Buddies members, this can be verbal or written. This is recorded in the telephone log book or in the members file note. Local stakeholders – The communication I have with our local stakeholders Include Waking Learning Disability Partnership Board, CLASP (self advocacy group) support Horizons (Social enterprise) Transform (housing support) Bradbury Community Centre, Day Services I communicate verbally or written. If it involves members this is documented in their file notes or If I am working on a joint project this is documented through our publicity material ii where, when, who attended and feedback forms. 2. What types of barriers and challenges do you come across in your line of working and how do you overcome these challenges? 1. 3 1. 4) The barriers I have faced are: Due to supporting vulnerable adults we communicate with parent/ careers on a regular basis. Have found that on a number of occasions when parents are attending events with Rose Buddies members they will speck on behalf of our embers and not give them the opportunity to speck for themselves, to overcome this barrier I give eye contact and use the members name when I’m directly specking to them, I have found this empowers and gives them the confidence to speck back and answer for themselves. Parents/careers respond positively and its enables those to see that there child can speck independently if given the opportunity. When supporting Adults who have Learning Disabilities they find it difficult to process and retain information we are providing, to over come these barriers we use direct, clear, non jargon, easy read material, weather it be verbal, Ritter or through the use of video, pictures, posters etc. O ensure that we communicate well with Rose Buddies members we hold steering group meetings with members who help to lead the service to suit the needs of its users, at these meetings we receive feedback from them about how we can communicate better with all our members. Due to the way the service run I. E. We support 140+ members to live independent fulfilling lives, providing sessions in the community these include: Cooking skills, workshops, social events, courses, allotments, crafts sessions, gym sessions and walking groups. Staff and volunteers predominantly loan work and may be see each other for a number of days, it came to my attention that there was no formal way of a hand over or if information needed to be shared. This prompted me to hold a team meeting about how we could communicate better with each other. We now have a system for each member of the team contacts the office to let me know that the session has finish and if there is anything that needs to be passed on, this is the recorded the message book or in the client file. I am due to hold a team meeting on 25th Feb. 2014, for a review. 3. Talk about a situation where you have reviewed a particular communication method in your workplace, how you have proposed improvements to this method and how you have monitored its effectiveness after implementing the changes. (age new care plan review system, implementation of a new service user monthly meeting). (2. 1 – 2. 4) In the service I manage for Creative Support, we are expected to provide the local authority records for monitoring as they provide funding to the prevention service, the service is due to be re-tendered and I have needed to provide monitoring records involving the service over the last year. Information that has been required were – Numbers visiting the Drop-in, Numbers (signing in book) attending our activities (attendance list), number of members requiring telephone support (call log) etc this information is stored in different formats and the Council required this to be put into one report. Found this very time consuming as we provide support to over 130 members with one full time (me) one part time member of staff and 8 regular volunteers. I decided this service needed to set up a system that would include all the relevant monitoring information that could be sent to the Council commissioning am. When visiting Head office I remember seeing a system on excel that would meet my requirements. In my supervision with my line manager mentioned the difficulties I was having providing all this information, and that remembered seeing this excel document, my manager know the document I was talking about and would be able to help me set this up, we arranged a time for her to visit my project to set this document up to meet our needs. This document is now in place and provides me with all the information that is required for monitoring. This document saves time as I am no longer squired to be contacted on a number of occasions as all the information is in one place; this system is far more efficient. 4. Talk about how you have reviewed the communication methods that you have been using with those you work in partnership** (egg doctors, social services, pharmacists etc) and how you have improved the communication methods that you use with them. You must compare the different methods and how effective (or not) these methods have been, or are. (3. 1 – 3. 3) Rose Buddies has over 140 members and ensuring that we are able to promote all the activities in the past Rose Buddies would send all resplendence through post this was a very expensive. At one of the steering group meetings we asked our members how we could improve the way we communicate with our members and let them know what we are up too. A number of them thought that Faceable would be a good way, many of Rose Buddies members use Faceable, I decided that a survey to find out how people would like to find out about what we are doing, would ensure that We are meeting the needs of our members, from this survey I Was able to indemnify that some members would like to still receive information through he post, some on Faceable, some by text message and others by coming in to see us as the could not read the content. We now have a more diverse way of communicating and a greater number of members attending our activities. The Rose Buddies team work out in the community supporting members, all our where bout’s was recorded in a diary that is kept on the desk. I felt that we needed to have more visual way of being able to see where and what was happening as the Drop-in can become very busy and nosy, and members like to know where, what, when and who is organizing sessions. Team members ND Rose Buddies members can now look at the big board to know who and where activities are taking place. I have found that as a team we have a better way of knowing who is where and members feel more included about what’s happening in the service. Rose Buddies hold a lot of information about wars happening in the local area this includes health services, what’s going on, events, training, courses, news and general information, most of this information are posters which cover most of the walls in Rose Buddies, I felt that there was so much information that members found it hard to know what they were looking for ND would be discouraged when seeking information independently. To promote independence I felt we needed to improve the way we organism our information to members, I have now used visual signs and pictures to section each topic, this provide members with a visual tool to seek information that is relevant to them and members are now able to access the information more independently. 5. You receive a telephone call from a family member of one of your service users who asks for details of the doctor’s visit that took place earlier in the day. Explain what the legal responsibilities there are for maintaining infallibility and sharing information (you must explain the different pieces of legislation and the ICQ/CASSIS requirements). (4. 1) I would ask the caller to provide me with the service users name, date of birth and address to ensure I am not disclosing information about an incorrect person and I would also ask the caller for their name, DOBB and address to ensure they are who they say they are. When making my decision on what information provide, I would consider Creative Supports policies and a number of legislative documents and department of health guidelines that are relevant to confidentiality and access to information or records. The most significant are the Data Protection act 1998, Confidentiality code of practice Human Rights act 2000, Freedom of information act 2000, Public records act 1 958, every employee has a personal common law duty of confidentiality to service users and to Creative Support. Some staff are also bound by professional codes of conduct which relate in part to confidentiality. Creative Support adhere to the Coalition principles which aim to share the minimum information necessary to provide safe care or satisfy other purposes, these principles include: Justify the purpose of the discloser Not using identifiable service user information unless absolutely necessary, and where required, using the minimum necessary Ensuring that access to service user information is on a strictly need to know basis Ensuring all staff are aware of their responsibilities understanding and complying with the law. Since all information divulged must be treated with respect, it is important to establish with the client if this information may be passed on to anyone else. Wherever possible, permission to share information must be sought from the individual client concerned. The confidentiality policy is outlined and explained as an important part of the introduction training received by all members of staff. This is further reinforced through supervision, training, team meetings, performance appraisal and other methods. How to cite Leadership Communication, Essays

Apply Construction Organizations Processes -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Apply Construction Organizations Processes? Answer: Introduction The purpose of this paper is to critically analyze the concept of lean principles and tools in terms of execution of construction projects. Therefore, the main aim is to analyze a practical implementation of lean principles and tools (last planer) in a construction project in Doha, Qatar. Lean principles and tools are very applicable in the construction industry for projects that need to be profitable in the future. There are many tools that can be applied in lean technology so as to minimize wastes in materials, labour, and other resources in order to maximize profit margin. Qatar is a developing country in terms of growth and development of infrastructure and other construction projects. In that case, a developing country may not have modern technology to design remarkable infrastructures and construction projects. The main cause of this assertion is due to competition in the construction industry and lack of appropriate mechanisms to maximize profit margins along with minimization of wastes associated with construction projects. In that case, implementation of lean principles and tools in Doha, Qatar will bear significant progress in designing infrastructure and construction projects. Doha, Qatar is a place that attracts millions of tourists every year from all corners of the globe. Therefore, the sustainability of construction projects needs to be well established so as to satisfy the rising demand from customers. Implementation of lean principles and tools brings more value to the development of infrastructure. This is because more quality work is delivered using fewer resources. This is because the implementation process of these tools and principles is associated with low costs, ability to reduce wastes, saving time in construction projects and capital committed to these projects is also well planned. Again, the process applies less human efforts thus becoming labour intensive. Lean technology also applies tools and principles to design construction projects and infrastructure through the use of less space as compared to traditional systems of construction projects[1]. Construction companies operating in Doha, Qatar will be in a position to initiate a construc tion program that will provide quality products and services that are less costly. These products and services are also characterized will lack defects, unlike traditional construction system that produced products that are defective. Lastly, due to global development in construction projects, Doha, Qatar will be recognized as part of the major contributors in the implementation of lean tools and principles so as to satisfy and respond to desires raised by customers. It will also produce products and projects that will sustain the economy of Qatar in the next couple of generations. It is also important to recognize the efforts of the Toyota Corporation in Japan Auto industry. This was the origin of lean principles. In that case, lean construction is a combination of construction operational research and practical development in design in the construction process. Initially, construction projects were implemented through the use of traditional construction systems. However, upon the development of lean processing, Japan initiated a construction model that was referred as lean construction model. This was used to initiate construction projects as well as to propel their execution. Last planner system Lean principles and tools have been used to initiate construction projects for many years. There are many tools that have been designed by experts to execute these projects. In this case, we consider last planer system as the main tool that Doha, Qatar can use to facilitate a practical implementation in construction projects. The planner system was developed to initiate a clear path in lean construction so as to deliver construction objectives. In that case, the main ideology that planner system managed to initiate was based on productivity in the construction industry. Therefore, the system became very effective in cases where Construction Company aims to maximize productivity as well as reduces costs such as capital investment, space of operation, labour, resources and completion time. Last planner system is a very significant concept in project management, especially in construction projects management. This system is very applicable in different control units. The two main units in construction that apply this concept include workflow control unit and production unit control. These units work collectively to deliver a unique project execution plan. If we consider the conditions in Doha, Qatar, we realize that the concept of lean construction is very applicable since soil texture in Doha, Qatar required lean construction designs to lay down a sustainable construction project. Construction projects are associated with wastage in terms of materials, labour, space, capital investment and project completion time. Considering the rising demand for a construction project in Qatar, then there is need to adopt lean principles and tools that suggest application of last planner system. This will assist companies in Doha, Qatar to produce quality projects that are sustainable in future. There will be lean implementation phase that will offer solutions to wastage. The lean construction phase will also determine wastage in construction projects and devices mitigation strategies to minimize wastes[2]. Projects are not permanent production systems. Therefore, it is very important to use last planner system so as to initiate the process of value maximization and waste minimization. The main idea of applying lean construction principles and tools is to deliver quality products. Lean construction projects are safer, they are easy to manage, best quality, low costs and appr opriate completion time. Last planner system integrated with other lean construction principles and tools. Lastly, the best approach to last planner system is time management. The system has the ability to initiate project execution timeline. This time schedule can be planned based on project construction phase. Each construction phase may be allocated a particular period of time to be initiated and executed. This can either be weekly or monthly based on decisions set by project management team. Each phase also needs to determine the level of wastes. It is easier to reduce a given quantity of waste once the construction project is initiated. Last planner system of a production unit is also necessary for supporting construction projects. It is triggered by planned accomplishment. It also determines other alternatives that can be applied in construction projects so as to deliver projects in scheduled timelines. In order to support lean projects, each section of last planner system is very feasible. Lean project planning and execution will not be viable if construction team ignore contributions of last planner system. The figure below demonstrates how last planner system operates. Last planner system Source: Turner Construction Co. 9/ 2013 If construction companies in Doha, Qatar can apply this system in executing construction projects, then there is a high likelihood of maximizing value in the economy as well as minimization of costs and wastes in construction. This system will enable Doha, Qatar to move from the previous project construction level to a higher level as indicated in the figure below. Source: lean construction institute 2013 From the figure above, construction projects in Doha, Qatar are performed better each year due to the application of last planner system in lean construction. Benefits of last planner system in construction projects There are remarkable benefits that can be associated with last planner system in lean construction. In that case, these advantages propel projects in delivery time and quality. These benefits involve the following conversations: Collaborative Programming this involves the integration of project teams so as to deliver construction projects in the most desirable manner. In that case, this kind of programming enhances consultation of different teams so as to make the most feasible decisions and judgments concerning a particular project. Again, through this platform, teams are able to arrange meetings for project execution. Meetings can be held weekly to initiate the weekly plan. Make Ready this process is meant to set the projects into progress. In that case, all the necessary requirements are set so as to propel execution plan. This process facilitates projects execution in different phases until project completion. Production Planning planning is the most important task to perform a project. Last planner system facilitates this kind of planning through project delivery program and project time engagement. Production Management this involves project management team. Last planner system provides the best management team to initiate project execution. This is because, lean tools and principles provide guidelines on project management in term of timeline, costs, wastage and other alternatives. Measurement, learning and continual improvement- this is very evident from the figure above. Each year, the level of construction projects implemented by application of lean principles and tools in Doha, Qatar has been increasing each year. This is a key positive indicator that last planner system is very beneficial in terms of measurement, learning, and continual improvement. The concept of last planner system in lean construction is highly vested in productivity. If the management team apply this system to the letter, then construction projects will be established within the most appropriate timeline. It also allows reflection sessions in weekly dates. This allows project team members to reflect on what has been achieved as well as determine mistakes made to avoid recurrence in the future. Methodology The case study on the implementation of lean principles and tools in Doha, Qatar was a beginning to remarkable progress in construction projects in the area for many years. The mode of implementation in those projects was initiated through traditional construction system before the establishment of lean construction technology. Doha construction industries in Qatar applied last planner system in construction projects after the company realized how competitive construction process was in Qatar. Foreign companies offered better products and services in lean construction which made Doha lose many of the customers. Therefore, to regain a competitive advantage in this implementation, intensive research was conducted in last planner system. It was also integrated with lean principles and tools to upgrade projects in construction. Through formulation and testing of hypothesis, last planner system played a very significant role in project management and construction execution plan. In addition, this case study report also provide an implementation plan that was initiated by construction team so as to deliver quality projects, appropriate completion periods, low costs, minimized wastage and maximization of wealth margin. The research conducted in this field was performed by a positivist researcher who formulated the most appropriate hypothesis to offer a practical implementation of leans principles and tools in construction projects in Doha, Qatar. This hypothesis was very correct and was accepted. In that case, the level of construction projects implemented through lean principles and tools improved in Doha, Qatar as demonstrated by the figure below. lean construction institute 2013 This progress was achieved after construction project management team formulated the following steps in order to realize the slight improvement each year. The project management team managed to lay down strategies so as to outdo competitors. In that case, application of last planner system assisted the implementation of lean principles and tools which in return produced quality products and services. The team also compared the sustainability of those projects in line with lean construction. The numerous researches on most appropriate implementation plan assessed and project team selected the best plan out of the list provided. There were weekly meeting that provided a reflection on what was accomplished as well as validate what needed to be done. A better plan was formulated to minimize wastage in future. Case study background This case study involved lean construction that was applied in Doha, Qatar. This case study was formulated in the construction industry that increasingly trended forward. This process was implemented and applied to value stream mapping. This was a sustainable construction project that applied construction tools. In this case, lean principles and tools were applied to install underground pipelines in Doha, Qatar. This case study also laid down strategies to minimize wastes. This can be demonstrated in the data below. Examples of waste in construction Waste types Rise in costs of construction projects with number of products already produced Rework of activities thus increasing costs Nonnecessary construction steps Over-processing In order to reduce these wastes, the case study provided project description that provided all necessary requirements. The data below offer a clear path that this case study formulated in construction projects. Project Contract value Duration % time elapsed When LPS starts Subcontractors Project status Lean multipurpose construction project 1 6 cores 12 months 35% Structural Architectural Mechanical Electrical HVAC Flooring False ceiling 4 months behind schedule Research findings and results Data is very important as far as implementation of lean principles and tools are concerned with construction projects. The wider population, in this case, was Doha, Qatar. In that connection, there was a need to concentrate on a smaller sample size so as to represent the entire population. The sample size was determined by observing areas where lean construction was highly applicable to the population. The survey questionnaire is a form of the quantitative approach to data collection who analysis involves testing hypothesis. Therefore, the null hypothesis was formulated as follows. Null hypothesis: lean principles and tools are very applicable in enhancing a practical implementation in a construction project in Doha, Qatar. The Sample respondent to this hypothesis and positivist researcher in construction project used this opportunity to gather data. We used different companies so as to compare the implementation of lean principles and tools in construction projects. It also relates to the application of last planner system that is incorporated in lean construction. The data below indicates the response from the sample. Company Duration of operation in years Current position Experience in years Knowledge of last planner system Knowledge of lean construction View on improvement in lean construction X 2 Supervisor 4 yes Yes Positive Y 7 Foreman 3 yes yes Positive Z 4 Superintend 6 no yes Negative Source: https://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp The data above was generated from survey questionnaire concerning the case study implantation of lean principles and tools in a construction project in Doha, Qatar. Outcome of survey questionnaire From responses provided by different companies, it was very clear that lean construction was widely applicable in these companies. The following interpretations were deduced from the survey. Lean construction was widely applicable in construction projects in different companies since it facilitated project execution plan via last planner system. Last planner system was very intensive in companies X and Y. Company Z had little knowledge of this system. A better communication strategy needed to be devised so as to inform superintend the benefits of implementing lean principles and tool via last planner system. Majority of respondents were very positive about growth in lean construction in future. A negative response on the growth of lean construction was probably associated with lack of knowledge in last planner system. The figure below was analyzed to indicate the importance of using last planner system. Data were analyzed to determine the population that supported this system in lean construction. Critical success factor of the study The most critical success factor in this study was directly connected with project management team. This team used skills and knowledge to formulate strategies that propelled implementation of lean principles and tools. As asserted in the case study, Doha, Qatar faced a lot of competition in construction projects from other well-established countries that developed lean technology in construction far long ago. Thus, the top management team was so determined to implement those tools and principles in project construction. Another critical success factor, in this case, was last planner system. During the survey, a lot of respondents were very ready to implement this system. Weekly meetings were set to initiate this system and the majority of the population demonstrated a clear path to embracing the system. Identified barriers hindering achievement of full potentials of LPS The last planner system has not been applied in Doha, Qatar to an extent of creating a convincing power to a lot of construction companies. Some companies wanted to apply traditional construction system possibly because they had not witnessed the benefits associated with last planner system. The researcher faced a difficult time to describe benefits associated with last planner system. This was the main barrier. Again, some workers would fully understand how last planner system worked while others could not. This delayed the implementation process. Lastly, the system required skilled experts to perform professional tasks. However, many companies had semi-skilled constructors. Majority of subcontractor used traditional construction system at the expense of last planner system. This also hindered the achievement of the full potential of last planner system. Conclusion The world needs to have sustainable infrastructure and construction project so as to satisfy the increasing demand for customers in this fields. Clinging too much to tradition construction systems will not assist the globe to realize the full potential of construction projects and infrastructure. For that reason, Doha, Qatar applied the last planner system so as to be part of world initiator of lean construction principle and tools in the Middle East. This dedication will make construction projects sustainable. There are many other lean principles and tools that can be implemented in construction projects apart from last planner system. It is also very important to conduct a similar research in future using other tools and principles in full realization of their contribution and credibility in lean construction. Again, those limiting factors that inhibited full potential of last planner system in the case study need to be revisited so as to mitigate the possible causes as well as for mulate strategies to prevent such inhibition in future. Reference Asefeso, A, Lean in Construction: (Key to Improvement in Time, Cost and Quality), CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2014. Rubrich, L, An Introduction to Lean Construction: Applying Lean to Construction Organizations and Processes, WCM Associates LLC, 201 [1] A. Asefeso, Lean in Construction: (Key to Improvement in Time, Cost and Quality), CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2014, pp. 25-27. [2] L. Rubrich, An Introduction to Lean Construction: Applying Lean to Construction Organizations and Processes, WCM Associates LLC, 2012, pp. 36-54.